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Uganda - Strengthening the Effectiveness of the Public Investment Program : Public Expenditure ReviewTo advance the effectiveness of Uganda's public investment program (PIP) improvements can and should be made from the inception of an investment program all the way through its implementation. It is not a question of abandoning the current process but one of adjusting the various stages of the current PIP processes in place such that in particular quality at entry and readiness of investment projects improves, contract management gets strengthened, and above all incentives for implementation are enhanced. The aim of the adjustments to the PIP processes in Uganda is to ensure that the PIP can assist the government to direct resources to those investments that provide the highest economic and social return. The government is advised to revisit the current informational content of the PIP as well as the decision making process of the PIP at each of the phases of the PIP, i.e., preparation, evaluation, and implementation. The remainder of the executive summary will discuss how this can potentially be accomplished. Uganda's economy has grown rapidly over the past 20 years propelled by consistent policy reforms. Annual growth in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has averaged 7.4 percent over the 10 years ending in 2009/10, compared with 6.5 percent recorded in the 1990s. This acceleration was in spite of consecutive exogenous shocks including: the oil price shock; drought conditions with adverse effects on energy generation and agricultural production; and volatile food prices.
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Reforms under Fiscal Stress : A Policy Note on the Priorities for Fiscal and Budget Reform in NepalThis note, first of the several on fiscal management and policy option notes planned, provides a concise assessment of the achievements to date of the ongoing reforms to budget management in Nepal and concludes with some guidance on the key focus areas of fiscal policy and expenditure management over the near and medium term. It is a selective assessment that looks at major aspects of the policy and budget process with a view to identifying areas for strategic focus, rather than a detailed rendering of the reforms. The note highlights the fiscal challenges that are assuming increasing prominence and which must be addressed by policy decisions and medium term reforms. While recognizing the uniqueness of Nepal's initial conditions, capacities and current security related challenges, the note takes account of international experience in implementing such reforms. The note starts with the economic and political background. The second section reviews fiscal trends and outlines issues to be considered by a fiscal strategy. The third section discusses institutional issues to strengthen the budget process.
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Moving Toward Climate Budgeting : Policy NoteClimate change action by countries - both mitigation measures and adaptation measures requires planning over a long horizon in the face of uncertainty as well as, for many governments, costly financing in the near term. While flows of international climate finance have grown in recent years, it has become ever clearer that countries need to consider all policy instruments. Climate change is going to affect, in particular, the core business of finance ministries related to fiscal policy, government budgets, and public debt. This note focuses on public expenditure management for climate actions rather than the full spectrum of finance ministry responsibilities. Climate change planning shares some common challenges with other national policy objectives where multiple interests need to be managed - but also presents some unique complexities. This policy note presents several measures of immediate interest to finance ministries for better fiscal planning and expenditure management of climate actions. Drawing on the sourcebook, climate change public expenditure and institutional review, the note highlights three general areas of financial and expenditures management where improved practice will better prepare finance ministries to deal with the fiscal implications of climate change: (i) including climate change as a long-term objective in the national budget and expenditure framework; (ii) improving financial tracking and performance accountability by spending agencies; and (iii) strengthening government financial management systems to efficiently use external climate finance. Targeted at the climate budget, these actions will also promote financial discipline and overall lead to more efficient and strategic public spending. This policy note provides finance officials with seven detailed recommendations based on the experience of World Bank client countries.