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Cote d’Ivoire Urbanization ReviewWell-managed urbanization can accelerate Cote d’Ivoire’s ascendance to middle incomes. Such a large gap in gross national income (GNI) per capita means that the underlining economic drivers of urbanization are not being fully harnessed in Cote d’Ivoire. Small cities at low urbanization level facilitate internal scale economies, such as hosting a large firm transforming local agricultural products. Secondary cities at intermediate urbanization level facilitate localization economies by enabling linkages between firms operating in the same sector. Large cities at advanced urbanization level facilitate urbanization economies through a diverse economic base nurturing innovation. Drawing on the findings of the World Development Report 2009 applied to the Ivorian context, the authors identify three types of cities in the country: global connector cities generating urbanization economies needed for innovation, increasing return to scale activities, and global competitiveness; regional connector cities generating localization economies needed for efficient regional trade and transport; and domestic connector cities generating internal scale economies needed to unleash the agricultural potential of regions. Cote d’Ivoire’s small cities and market towns can be anchors generating scale economies for agribusiness. While southwest regions strongly contribute to the production and export of cash crops, savanna areas can help scale up food and cereal production to supply urban centers domestically and regionally.
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Ethiopian Poverty Reduction and Transport Strategy ReviewThe strategic objective of Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program (SSATP) long term development plan is to anchor transport policies and strategies in national strategies for poverty reduction, so as to enable the transport sector contribute fully to pro-poor growth and poverty reduction. To this end, many SSA countries have conducted the Poverty Reduction and Transport Strategy Review (PRTSR) workshops to assess and review the coherence and link between their poverty reduction strategies and transport strategies and policies. This report presents the processes and the outcomes of the three workshops held between July and September 2007 that reviewed Ethiopia's road sector policy/programs and PASDEP. The first workshop was conducted from 26 - 28th July 2007. In this workshop, stakeholders extracted relevant information from the A Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP) regarding goals, objectives and targets as well as the difficulties on access and mobility. They also identified the interventions concerning transport infrastructure and services in the priority economic and social sectors, population groups, and cross-cutting issues. They also reviewed the PASDEP and its treatment of transport related issues; the second workshop was conducted from 17 - 19th August 2007. During this workshop, participants were able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Ethiopia's road policy/ programs in terms of its contribution to poverty reduction. They also gave suggestions on how the road sector policy/programs might be improved to better contribute to poverty reduction; and the third workshop was conducted from 14 - 16th September 2007. In this workshop stakeholders assessed the current institutional arrangements and mechanisms for policy dialogue and formulations of both PASDEP and the road sector policy/programs. Based on the findings of the workshops, the stakeholders also designed an action plan that can influence the adoption of policies and strategies that links transport/road sector with poverty reduction.
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Rise of the Anatolian TigersTurkey’s demographic and economic
 transformation has been one of the world’s most dramatic,
 with urban growth and economic growth proceeding hand in
 hand. Distinguishing Turkey from many other developing
 countries has been the pace, scale, and geographical
 diversity of its spatial and economic transformation.
 Fast-growing secondary cities bring added challenges that
 define Turkey’s second-generation urban agenda. New and
 differentiated service standards will need to be established
 across both dense urban built-up areas and small villages
 and rural settlements within the newly-expanded metropolitan
 municipality administrative area. These developments make
 planning, connecting, and financing important policy
 principles for Turkey’s second-generation urban development
 agenda. This policy brief frames a second-generation urban
 development agenda to support Turkey’s transition from upper
 middle income to high income.