Anti-corruption reforms and politics in Nigeria under the fourth Republic, 1999-2006
Author(s)
Enweremadu, David,Contributor(s)
Institut d'études politiques de BordeauxDaniel BACH(d.bach@sciencespobordeaux.fr)
Centre d'étude d'Afrique noire. Politique, sociétés, relations internationales au Sud (CEAN) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4 - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux
Keywords
Federating StateCorruption
Politique et gouvernement
Gouvernement local
Anti-corruption reform
Nigeria
Politics
Lutte anticorruption
Société civile
State
Civil<br />society
Local council
Clientelism
Afrique
Neo-patrimonialism
Clientélisme
Anti-corruption policy
Anti-corruption commission
Africa
Néopatrimonialisme
Etat
[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Development
Développemement
Etat fédéral
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https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356531/documenthttps://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356531/file/Enweremadu.pdf
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356531
Abstract
Since coming to power in 1999, President Olussegun Obasanjo of Nigeria has taking important steps aimed at reducing corruption in Africa?s most populous nation. One of them is the establishment of some specialised anti-corruption bodies like the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) charged with detecting and prosecuting corrupt people, aside from a comprehensive reform of the public sector (notably the civil service and the judiciary) and a global campaign aimed at recovering looted funds starched away in foreign banks. But despite their unprecedented powers, the effectiveness of these organs remains doubtful. Corruption in their diverse forms remains widespread, notwithstanding the efforts of these institutions. As the fourth republic runs to a close, Obasanjo?s anti-corruption crusade is proving more and more intractable. Among the most obvious challenges is the weak capacities of these institutions, engendered by inadequate finance, limited human resources, legal lacunas, ineffective criminal justice system and most notably lack of commitment by the political class (at federal, state, local government and civil society levels), who rather than support the war against graft, have opted to politicise the anti-corruption policy, suggesting a glaring absence of an internal political coalition against corruption.Depuis son accession au pouvoir en 1999, le régime du Président Olusegun Obasanjo s'était engagé incontestablement dans une lutte déterminée contre la corruption qui retardait le développement du "géant de l'Afrique" depuis des années. Ce combat est axé autour d'une politique globale contre la corruption, qui inclut, la mise en œuvre des institutions de régulation comme la commission indépendante contre la corruption (ICPC) et la Commission pour les crimes économiques (EFCC) ; la réforme globale du secteur public (les institutions de la justice et les services publics) et une campagne internationale en vue de la restitution des fonds transférés illégalement à l'étranger. Bien que ces réformes bénéficiassent d'une reconnaissance et d'un soutien répandu, leur efficacité actuelle n'a pas été démontrée de façon convaincante. La corruption dans ses diverses formes n'a pas encore été annihilée de façon décisive malgré toutes les bonnes intentions affichées. Au contraire, la politique anticorruption d'Obasanjo se heurte aux nombreux défis inhérents à la politique du Nigeria. Les plus pertinents défis sont : la faible capacité des institutions chargées de lutter contre la corruption (L'ICPC, l'EFCC, l'institution de la justice) ; fondée sur des difficultés de financement, le manque de ressources humaines compétentes, les lacunes de la loi ; un système de justice criminelle inefficace ; l'immunité constitutionnelle des chefs politiques, une insuffisante volonté politique et son corollaire : le non engagement de la classe politique qui a opté pour une instrumentalisation politique de la lutte contre la corruption. A ceci s'ajoute la faible implication des Etats fédérés, des collectivités locales et de la société civile. Tout ceci concourt à l'inexistence d'une "grande coalition" contre la corruption à l'intérieur du pays.
Date
2006-12-18Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisIdentifier
oai:HAL:tel-00356531v1https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356531/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356531/file/Enweremadu.pdf
tel-00356531
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356531
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