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Un texte du Bengale médiéval : le yoga du kalandar {Yoga-Kalandar)

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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/991509
Online Access
http://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_2003_num_90_1_3608
Abstract
France Bhattacharya Un texte du Bengale médiéval : le yoga du kalandar (Yoga-Kalandar) Yoga et soufisme, le confluent des deux fleuves Le Yoga-Kalandar, d'auteur incertain, a été composé en bengali au XVIIe siècle. S'adressant à des débutants sur la voie ésotérique de l'islam, il établit des correspondances entre des notions et des pratiques appartenant au yoga et la démarche mystique soufie. Il s'agit d'un exemple tardif de l'influence de la secte des Nāths sur les Soufis, influence évidente dès le XVe siècle. Le vocabulaire technique employé dans l'ouvrage est plus populaire que savant : nombre de termes d'origine arabe et sanskrite sont très « bengalisés ». Le texte traite des stations, mokām (ar. maqām), sur la voie, du corps grossier et subtil, des pratiques recommandées à chaque station, des postures convenant à la méditation et des effets de celle-ci. Enfin, il détaille les signes annonciateurs de la mort. La popularité du Yoga-Kalandar est attestée par le grand nombre de manuscrits trouvés dans la région de Chittagong, au Bengale oriental (actuel Bangladesh). La présente traduction française, accompagnée de nombreuses notes, est fondée sur le texte édité en 1969 par Ahmad Sharif, des divergences avec la traduction anglaise de Enamul Haq (1975) étant signalées en note.
France Bhattacharya A text from medieval Bengal: The Yoga-Kalandar. Yoga and Sufism, the confluence of two rivers The anonymous Yoga-Kalandar was composed in Bengali in the seventeenth century. Addressing itself to neophytes on the path of esoteric Islam, it establishes correspondences between the notions and practices of yoga and those of Sufi mysticism. It is thus a late example of the influence of the Nāths on the Sufis, an influence that is discernible from the fifteenth century. The technical vocabulary used in the work is popular rather than erudite: a number of the Arabic and Sanskrit terms have been "bengalified". The text treats of the stations on the path {mokām: Arabic maqām), of the gross and subtle bodies, of the practices to be followed in each station, of the postures suitable for meditation and their effects and, finally, it details the signs that herald death. The popularity of the Yoga-Kalandar is attested to by the large number of manuscripts found in the Chittagong region of East Bengal (today Bangladesh). The present French translation, accompanied by numerous notes, is based on the text of the 1969 edition of Ahmad Sharif; divergences from the English translation of Enamul Haq (1975) are signaled in the notes.
Date
2003
Type
Article
Identifier
oai:persee:article/befeo_0336-1519_2003_num_90_1_3608
http://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_2003_num_90_1_3608
doi:10.3406/befeo.2003.3608
DOI
10.3406/befeo.2003.3608
ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3406/befeo.2003.3608
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