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Clinical characteristics of schizophrenia: Israeli Bedouin compared with Palestinian Arabs in Israel and the Palestinian AuthorityAs part of a genetic study of schizophrenia, symptomswere studied in 50 Bethlehem Palestinian patientswith schizophrenia, 61 Israeli Negev Bedouins withschizophrenia and 63 Israeli Galilee Arab patients withschizophrenia. The content and character of theschizophrenic psychosis was significantly different in thethree groups studied. While all three groups are Arabicspeaking Muslims, their social circumstances differand this could explain the differences in clinicalphenomenology of schizophrenia. The results may relateto differences in clinical phenomenology of schizophreniareported in different areas of the world.
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Comparison of Coping Mechanisms Between Alcoholics in Early Remission and Alcoholics in Remission at Least for 1 Year and Control GroupObjective: To compare coping mechanisms and appraisal of coping skills at various stages of remission in patients with alcohol dependence.Method: This was a cross sectional study comparing the results of 3 groups including group 1- patients with alcohol dependence and, group 2-patients with alcohol dependence and in remission for at least 1 year and group 3 – a control group consisting of healthy individuals without any history of substance use except smoking. Hamilton Depression Scale, Coping with Stress Scale, Problem Solving Inventory, Rosenbaum’s Learned Resourcefulness Inventory, Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, State- Trait Anxiety Inventory and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were completed for all subjects.Results: The control group and persons with at least one year of remission used adaptive coping mechanisms more frequently. Factors associated with the degree of alcohol dependence, such ase age at the start of alcohol use and daily alcohol consumption were found to affect coping mechanisms and appraisal of coping skills. Persons attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings were found to use an indirect coping mechanism (seeking help), which is an adaptive coping skill in our culture, more frequently and were found to have less hopelessness.Conclusion: The results implied that patients with alcohol dependence who have been in remission more than 1 year and subjects attending AA meetings use adaptive coping mechanisms more frequently. It suggests coping skills treatment and attendance at AA meetings would improve long- term outcomes of alcohol dependence. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2008; 45: 37-47)
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Um estudo dos relatos afetivos subjetivos a estímulos do International Affective Picture System em uma amostra geriátrica brasileira Subjective affective ratings to photographic stimuli of the International Affective Picture System in a Brazilian elderly sampleINTRODUÇÃO: A literatura científica indica a possibilidade de a percepção da emoção e a formação da memória emocional serem discordantes entre jovens e idosos. A mesma é pobre ao explorar essa possibilidade. Neste estudo, relatamos os resultados obtidos em um experimento-piloto com uma amostra de idosos brasileiros, que classificaram subjetivamente, através da escala Self Assessment Manikin, imagens oriundas do International Affective Picture System. MÉTODO: Quarenta e oito idosos voluntários da Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade, saudáveis clínica e cognitivamente, avaliaram o caráter alertante e a valência afetiva de 71 imagens do International Affective Picture System, aleatoriamente escolhidas. RESULTADOS: O grau de alerta reportado por idosos diante de um estímulo emocional é tanto maior quanto menor o prazer provocado por essa imagem-estímulo, resultando na existência de uma forte correlação negativa (r = 0,93) entre o grau de alerta e o estímulo desprazeroso. Em uma comparação do acima obtido com outro experimento normativo semelhante feito com jovens brasileiros e americanos, apontou-se para uma possível diferença cultural na forma de relatar subjetivamente um estímulo emocional. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos com esta amostra estudada sugerem que pode existir uma diferença nos relatos afetivos entre os jovens e idosos, onde uma normatização do International Affective Picture System para uma amostra maior, representativa da população de idosos, seria útil para responder esta questão.<br>INTRODUCTION: The scientific literature points to a possible bias in the form perception and emotional memory are constructed when elderly and young individuals are compared. However, this possibility is underexplored. This paper presents the results obtained from a pilot study based on an elderly emotional subjective report after evaluation using the International Affective Picture System images and Self Assessment Manikin scale scores. METHOD: Forty-eight clinically and cognitively capable elderly volunteer subjects from the Third Age Open University evaluated 71 randomly chosen images of the International Affective Picture System in terms of arousal and affective valence. RESULTS: For the elderly, the greater the arousal, the smaller the pleasure resulting in a strong negative correlation (r = 0.93) observed between arousal and negative valence. A comparison with another similar normative experiment performed in young Brazilian and American individuals showed a possible cultural difference in subjective reports of emotional stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation indicates that there may be a difference between elderly and young individuals when affective reports of arousal are studied. A normalization of the International Affective Picture System for the elderly in a larger sample, representative of the population, might be useful to address this issue.