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The Wage Effects of Immigration and EmigrationImmigrants in Rome or Paris are more
 visible to the public eye than the Italian or French
 engineers in Silicon Valley, especially when it comes to the
 debate on the effects of immigration on the employment and
 wages of natives in high-income countries. This paper argues
 that such public fears, especially in European countries are
 misplaced; instead, more concern should be directed towards
 emigration. Using a new dataset on migration flows by
 education levels for the period 1990-2000, the results show
 the following: First, immigration had zero to small positive
 long-run effect on the average wages of natives, ranging
 from zero in Italy to +1.7 percent in Australia. Second,
 emigration had a mild to significant negative long-run
 effect ranging from zero for the US to -0.8 percent in the
 UK. Third, over the period 1990-2000, immigration generally
 improved the income distribution of European countries while
 emigration worsened it by increasing the wage gap between
 the high and low skilled natives. These patterns hold true
 using a range of parameters for the simulations, accounting
 for the estimates of undocumented immigrants, and correcting
 for the quality of schooling and/or labor-market downgrading
 of skills. All results go counter to the popular beliefs
 about migration, but they are due to the higher skill
 intensity of both emigration and immigration relative to non-migrants.
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A Complete Property Right AmendmentThe trend of the eminent domain reform and "Kelo plus" initiatives is toward a comprehensive Constitutional property right incorporating the elements of level of review, nature of government action, and extent of compensation. This article contains a draft amendment which reflects these concerns.