Engineer, Asghar Ali2019-09-252019-09-252012-11-252012-07http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/188351Islam, as we all know appeared in a desert and many scholars try to explain the stern belief in Unity of Allah (tawheed) on this fact. In a desert concept of different gods and goddesses is difficult so is that of any kind of pluralism, complex ritualism as in an agricultural civilization. In a vast desert like that of Arabia one can hardly imagine such gods and goddesses. Not then one can say what about various gods and goddesses which were worshipped in Mecca before Islam? If one studies the history of religion in Mecca which was great urban centre of sedantic population mainly because of important source of water, well of Zamzam, also, over a period of time, developed into a great centre of trade and finance. Originally, if we go by the Qur’an, there were no such gods and goddesses there and only one God was worshipped. Worshipping of various gods and goddesses was a distortion and these gods and goddesses were imported from the North which was agricultural region.engWith permission of the license/copyright holderIslam, philosophy, different GodsReligious ethicsMethods of ethicsPhilosophical ethicsPreprint