Ali Engineer, Asghar2019-09-252019-09-252012-01-122011-07http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/182663"A religion, philosophers say, can be divided into four categories: 1) ritual system (i.e. prayers, fasting etc.); 2) institutional system i.e. zakat, other institutions of management or governance etc.; 3) thought system (religion and religious institutions imbibe much from the thought system prevailing is the area which in turn is influenced by the culture of the area and hence there is nothing sacred about it. May be the prevailing thoughts in the area are selectively appropriated but nevertheless thought system is shaped by human agency in the given circumstances. Religious theology too is deeply influenced by the given circumstances. Finally and fourthly there is value system of a religion. In fact this value system is most fundamental and unalterable. The fundamental Islamic values are truth (haq), justice (‘adl), equality (musawah), doing good to others (ihaan), compassion (rahmah) and wisdom (hikmah). In fact it is these values which made Islam attractive to large number of people and they embraced it unhesitatingly. These values are most modern but in Islamic world it is these values which have been marginalized."(pg 1)engWith permission of the license/copyright holderIslamic ethicstheologyReligious ethicsMethods of ethicsCommunity ethicsSpirituality and ethicsTheological ethicsPreprint